Equations without Equations: Challenges on a Way to a More Adequate Formalization of Causality Reasoning in Physics, By

Our interest in causality reasoning in physics was enhanced by the need to formalize reasoning in physics. In medicine, geophysics, and in many other applications areas, expert systems use automated expert reasoning to help the users; see, e.g., (2). We expect that similar systems may be helpful in general theoretical physics as well. To design such systems, we must formalize physicists’ reasoning inside an automated computer system. To do this, we must be able to describe physicists’ reasoning in precise terms. Physicists’ reasoning has a clearly formalized part: indeed, physical theories are usually formulated in terms of differential equations